Reversing Trains: A Turn of the Century Sorting Problem

In this paper we study a reversing train puzzle proposed by Sam Loyd near the turn of the century. We concern ourselves with a version of this puzzle described most recently by A. K. Dewdney in Scientific American. There is a train, locomotive and n cars, that must be entirely reversed using only a short spur line attached to the main track. The efficiency of a solution is determined by summing, for all cars, the total distance moved by each car, where distance is measured in car lengths. We present an O(n’ log, n) algorithm for accomplishing this task. 8 1989 Academic PESS,